Reduce the heat to medium and add the bell peppers, onions, and garlic. Cook, stirring, until the veggies are tender, about 4 minutes.
Add the rice, salt, and taco seasoning. Cook, stirring, until the rice is fragrant and lightly browned, about 2 minutes.
Add the lime zest, lime juice, chicken broth, and cilantro leaves and stir to combine. Bring to a simmer. Nestle the chicken back into the skillet. Cover the skillet, carefully transfer to the oven, and bake for 25 minutes. Carefully uncover the skillet and continue baking until the rice is tender and the chicken is cooked through, 7 to 9 minutes.
Remove from the oven and fluff the rice with a fork. Garnish with more cilantro.